[18] Ribeiro da Silva, “Crossing Empires: Portuguese, Sephardic, and Dutch Business Networks in the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1580-1674,” 22. For archival evidence of an early seventeenth-century connection between Flemish merchants in Amsterdam and Lisbon involved in the trade with western Africa and access to the Brazilian dyewood trade monopoly, see e.g. Ribeiro da Silva, “Forms of Cooperation between Dutch-Flemish, Sephardim and Portuguese Private Merchants for the Western African Trade within the Formal Dutch and Iberian Atlantic Empires, 1590–1674,” 171. On the Dutch involvement in the Atlantic trade of enslaved people more generally, see e.g. Klooster, “Het begin van de Nederlandse slavenhandel in het Atlantisch gebied”; Klooster, The Dutch Moment: War, Trade and Settlement in the seventeenth-century Atlantic World; Den Heijer, “Een Afrikaan in Leids laken. De Nederlandse textielhandel in West-Afrika, 1600-1800”.